Power generating machine system

ABSTRACT

A power generating machine system is connected to the thermodynamic field similar to a steam power plant that can be used both mobile and in a fixed manner, which uses fluid liquid nitrogen and/or liquid air mixture and atmosphere air as an energy source. The power generating machine system is not harmful to the environment.

CROSS REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the national phase entry of InternationalApplication No. PCT/TR2019/050938, filed on Nov. 11, 2019, which isbased upon and claims priority to Turkish Patent Application No.2019/12112, filed on Aug. 8, 2019, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention is related to a power generating system connected to thethermodynamic field similar to a steam power plant that can be used bothmobile and in a fixed manner, which uses fluid liquid nitrogen and/orliquid air mixture and atmosphere air as an energy source.

BACKGROUND

Water and water vapor is used in the steam power plants of the art. Insteam power plants, additionally a boiler is present. In these boilersvarious fuels such as LPG, diesel oil, fuel oil, natural gas etc., areused. Some of these power plants operate according to the supercriticalrankine cycle. In the steam power plants in such closed systems, liquidand steam is heated at a constant pressure and is then cooled. The fluidinside the pump is isoentropically compressed and the fluid inside theturbine can be isoentropically expanded. Differences in kinetic andpotential energy are neglected and the heat transfer in a heat exchangeris carried out at a constant pressure. Continuous process conditionsapply and heat loss in the heat exchanger, tanks, pipes and turbines arenegligibly isolated. The properties of the fluid are kept constant, heattransfer in axial length is minimal and continuity equation iscontinuously provided.

In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary totake into account the required difference in order to overcomefrictional losses occurring at various points and heat losses and toprovide heat transfer in the heaters.

Due to isoentropical compression and expansion division processes thatare a crucial part of the compression process and the expansion processin a turbine, differences occur in thermodynamic features.

Several developments have been carried out in relation to a powergenerating machine system.

In the patent document numbered GB1214758A of the prior art, overloadedsteam generators with super charge apparatus comprising a compressor anda gas turbine is disclosed.

In the United States patent document numbered U.S. Pat. No. 6,729,136B2of the prior art, an energy generating power plant for a utility devicewhich is used to expand and contract a liquid metal similar to mercuryin order to actuate alternatively a piston, a crank shaft and followingthis an actuator using liquid nitrogen and a heated transfer fluid isdisclosed. By operating the piston to control the various solenoidvalves and pumps, timing is provided by allowing the liquid nitrogen toflow into a jacket around a reservoir containing the liquid metal,thereby allowing the piston to cool during the return movement. Whensuitable, the heated transfer fluid, is pumped with different jackethousing in order to force the remaining nitrogen and thereby to heat theliquid metal and drive the piston by means of force impact. The processis continued such that continuous power is provided to the utilitydevice.

The patent document numbered GB787808A of the prior art, discloses athermal power plant used to heat seawater and propel a marine tanker.The plant consists of a working environment in which a gaseous workingenvironment flowing in a closed cycle is increased to a higher pressurein a compressor, and then said working environment is heated andfollowing this said environment is discharged from the turbine whichemits heat to the working environment that has been compressed inside aheat exchanger before being re-compressed.

In the Chinese patent document numbered CN107035447A of the prior art,compressed critical carbon dioxide energy, and a heat storage system andthe operation method thereof is disclosed. The system is formed of amotor, a compressor, a low pressure super critical carbon dioxidestorage tank, a cooler, a heat accumulator, a high temperature oil tank,a high pressure super critical carbon dioxide storage tank, a lowtemperature oil pump and low temperature heating oil.

However the present steam machines obtained as a result of thedevelopments in the art leads to air pollution as they use fossil fuels.Due to this reason the power generating machine system subject to theinvention has been required to be developed.

SUMMARY

The aim of this invention is to provide a power generating machinesystem which eliminates air pollution, where the exhaust discharges onlyatmospheric air and does not cause any pollution.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a power generating machinesystem which saves the world from greenhouse effect, reduces globalwarming, stops the glaciers from melting and enables to cool the earthand which obtains continuous energy from the atmosphere.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a power generating machinesystem which is not harmful to the environment as it uses air instead offossil fuel.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a power generating machinesystem which eliminates the cancerous effects and toxicities caused byCO, CO₂ and NO_(x), sulphur oxides, lead compounds, petrol and dieselsteam, emitted out of the exhausts of petrol, diesel fuel and LPGengines.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The power generating machine system provided to reach the aims of theinvention has been illustrated in the attached FIGURES.

According to these figures;

FIGURE is the schematic view of the power generating machine system.

The parts in the figures have each been numbered and their referenceshave been listed below.

-   -   17. Heater I    -   18. Heater II    -   19. Heater III    -   20. Heater IV    -   21. Turbine I    -   22. Turbine II    -   23. Housing    -   24. Pump I    -   25. Pump II    -   26. Pump II    -   27. Pump IV    -   28. Valve    -   29. Turbine opening I,    -   30. Turbine opening II,    -   31. Turbine opening III,    -   32. Exhaust opening

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT

A force machine system comprising the parts of;

-   -   Heater I (1) located in the system,    -   Heater II (2) connected to the Heater I (1),    -   Heater III (3) connected to the Heater II (2),    -   Heater IV (4) connected to the Heater III (3),    -   Turbine I (5) connected to the Heater IV (4),    -   Heater (4) whose one end is connected to the Heater I (1) and        the other end to the turbine I (5),    -   Reservoir (7) connected to the Heater I (1),    -   Pump I (8) located between the Heater I (1) and reservoir (7),    -   Pump II (9) located between the Heater I (1) and the heater II        (2),    -   Pump II (10) located between the Heater I (2) and the heater III        (3),    -   Pump IV (11) located between the Heater I (3) and the heater IV        (4),    -   Valve (12) located between heater I (1), and heater II (2),        heater II (2) and heater III (3) and heater III (3) and heater        IV (4),    -   Turbine opening I (15) which enables connection between the        turbine I (5) and heater I (1),    -   Turbine opening II (14) which enables connection between the        turbine I (5) and heater II (2),    -   Turbine opening II (13) which enables connection between the        turbine I (5) and the heater I (3),    -   Exhaust opening (16) located on the turbine II (6).

In the system subject to the invention the superheated steam from theheater IV (4) located inside the heater IV (4) heated by means of air,enters into the turbine I (5). The superheated steam expands and isoperated isoentropically in the turbine I (5). The expanded superheatedsteam in the turbine I (5), is transferred to heater I (1), heater II(2) and heater III (3) respectively by means of the turbine opening I(13), turbine opening II (4) and turbine opening I (15).

If necessary, isoentropical expansion needs to be supported in theturbine I (6) and turbine I (5) located in the system subject to theinvention. Following this steam is re-heated until ambient temperatureis reached with the heater IV (4). The heated steam operatesisoentropically and is discharged.

Liquid nitrogen or liquid air in the reservoir (7) at atmosphericpressure is drawn from the reservoir (7) with the aid of a pump I (8).Pump I (8) pumps the liquid obtained from the reservoir (7) up to apressure of 8.925 bars. Liquid steam obtained from the pump I (8) issprayed onto the heater I (1). Steam can be condensed up to m³/kgdepending on the amount of sprayed liquid.

The steam condensed in the heater I (1) is transferred to the heater II(2) via the pump II (9). The cool liquid pumped from the heater (1) issprayed to the heater II (2). Due to the sprayed liquid, steam receivedfrom the turbine opening II (14) of the turbine I (5) is condenseddepending on the amount of steam and the temperature of cool steam. Thesteam condensed in the heater I (1) is transferred to heater I (2)pressure via the pump II (9).

The cold liquid pumped from heater I (1) is sprayed to Heater II (2) andthe cold liquid pumped from heater II (2) is sprayed to the heater(III). Steam received from the turbine opening I (13) is condenseddepending on the amount of steam and the temperature of cool steam. Thepump III (10) pumps the liquid obtained from heater II (2) and transfersit to heater III (3). The heater III (3) sprays the liquid received frompump III (10) to heater IV (4) and the liquid obtained from heater (III)is pumped to heater (IV). The pump III (10) pumps the liquid obtainedfrom heater III (3) to heater IV (4). The heater IV (4), heats theliquid received from pump III (10) via a ventilator by using atmosphereair and the system is completed.

In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary totake into account the required difference in order to overcomefrictional losses occurring at various points and heat losses and toprovide heat transfer in the heaters. This value is accepted as +5K incalculations. It has been accepted that heat flow to the environmentfrom the pump and the turbines is accepted to be zero. Said losses havebeen accepted to be η_(it)=0.90 ve η_(ip)=0.80 when the pump and turbineindicated yields are taken into consideration.

According to a different embodiment of the invention, number of heaterscan be changed according to turbine numbers and machine size located inthe system.

Thermodynamic calculations relating to the Invention;

Thermodynamic features in 1 atmosphere of air: air=−25° C., m=28.9586g/mol

P (MPa) 0.09129(MP_(a)) 0.101325(MP_(a)) 0.10245(MP_(a)) h (j/mol)−3702.1/2198.3 h_(s)/h_(b) −3,645.9/2221.2 s (j/mol · K) 85.624/163.09s_(s)/s_(b) 86.334/162.34 v (mol/dm³) 30.357 v_(s) 30.200 T (K) 78 T 79

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{0.101325 - 0.09129}{0.10245 - 0.09139} = \left. \frac{{hs} + {3,702.1}}{{- 3,645.9} + {3,702.1}}\longrightarrow h_{s} \right.} \\{= {- 3651.11j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{Ss} - 85.624}{86.334 - 85.624}\longrightarrow S_{s} \right.}} \\{= {86.268j/{{mol}.K}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{Vs} - 30.357}{30.2 - 30.357}\longrightarrow V_{s} \right.}} \\{= {30.21455{mol}/1}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{T - 78}{79 - 78}\longrightarrow T \right.}} \\{= {78.91K}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{hb} - 2198.3}{2221.2 - 2198.3}\longrightarrow h_{b} \right.}} \\{= {2,219.1{}j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{Sb} - 163.09}{162.34 - 163.09}\longrightarrow S_{b} \right.}} \\{= {162.41j/{mol}}}\end{matrix}$P₁=10,0 MP_(a), h₁=217.055k_(j)/k_(g)T₁=248K, s₁=152.164j/mol·K→

T 240 248 250 h 5,985.3 h₁ 6,360.7 s 150.94 s₁ 152.47

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{248 - 240}{250 - 240} = \left. \frac{{h1} - {5,985.3}}{{6,360.7} - {5,985.3}}\longrightarrow h_{1} \right.} \\{= {6,285.62j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{S1} - 150.94}{152.47 - 150.94}\longrightarrow S_{1} \right.}} \\{= {152.164j/{{mol}.K}}}\end{matrix}$P₂=3.72284MP_(a), h₂=158.983k_(j)/k_(g)S₂=S₁=152.164j/mol·KP=2.0 MP_(a)

s 151.50 152.169 152.69 h 3,822.5 h_(2.0) 4004.9

$\frac{152.164 - 151.5}{152.69 - 151.5} = {\left. \frac{{h2.} - {3,882.5}}{{4,4.9} - {3,882.5}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {3,924.28j/{mol}}}$

s 151.90 152.164 153.69 h 5,053.8 h_(5.0) 5,419.6

$\frac{152.164 - 151.9}{153.69 - 151.9} = {\left. \frac{{h5.} - {5,53.8}}{{5,419.6} - {5,53.8}}\longrightarrow h_{5.} \right. = {5,107.75j/{mol}}}$

P 2.0 3.72284 5.0 H 3,924.28 h₂ 5,107.75

$\frac{{3,722.84} - 2.}{5. - 2.} = {\left. \frac{{h2} - {3,924.28}}{{5,107.75} - {3,924.28}}\longrightarrow h_{2} \right. = {4,603.92j/{mol}}}$P₃=2.87207 MP_(a), h₃=147.393 k_(j)/k_(g)s₃=s₁=152.164 j/mol·KP=2.0 MP_(a)

s 151.50 152.164 152.69 h 3,882.5 h_(2.0) 4,004.9

$\frac{152.164 - 151.5}{152.69 - 151.5} = {\left. \frac{{h2.} - {3,882.5}}{{4,4.9} - {3,882.5}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {3,924.285j/{mol}}}$P=5.0 MPa

s 151.90 152.164 153.69 h 5,053.8 h_(5.0) 5,419.6

$\frac{152.164 - 151.9}{153.69 - 151.9} = {\left. \frac{{h5.} - {5,53.8}}{{5,419.6} - {5,53.8}}\longrightarrow h_{5.} \right. = {5,107.75j/{mol}}}$

p 2.0 2.87207 5.0 h 3,924.28 h₃ 5,107.75

$\frac{2.87207 - 2.}{5. - 2.} = {\left. \frac{{h3} - {3,924.28}}{{5,107.75} - {3,924.26}}\longrightarrow h_{3} \right. = {4,268.3j/{mol}}}$P₄=1.04961 MP_(a), h₄=112.559 k_(j)/k_(g)s₄=s₁=152.164 j/mol·K

s 152.13 152.164 152.70 h 3,220.6 h_(1.0) 3,292.1

$\frac{152.164 - 152.13}{152.7 - 152.13} = {\left. \frac{{h1.} - {3,220.6}}{{3,292.1} - {3,220.6}}\longrightarrow h_{1.} \right. = {3,224.86j/{mol}}}$P=2.0 MP_(a)

s 151.50 152.164 152.69 h 3,822.5 h_(2.0) 4,004.9

$\frac{152.164 - 151.5}{152.69 - 151.5} = {\left. \frac{{h2.} - {3,822.5}}{{4,4.9} - {3,822.5}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {3,924.285j/{mol}}}$

p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 3,224.86 h₄ 3,924.28

$\frac{1.04961 - 1.}{2. - 1.} = {\left. \frac{{h4} - {3,224.86}}{{3,924.28} - {3,224.86}}\longrightarrow h_{4} \right. = {3,259.55j/{mol}}}$P₅=1,04961 MP_(a) h₅=244.873 k_(j)/k_(g)T₅=248 K s₅=173.689 j/mol·K

T 240 248 250 h 6,857.4 h_(1.0) 7,155.5 s 173.01 s_(1.0) 174.23

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{248 - 240}{250 - 240} = \begin{matrix}\frac{{h1.} - {6,857.4}}{{7,155.5} - {6,857.4}} & {\left. \longrightarrow h_{1.} \right. = {7,95.885j/{mol}}}\end{matrix}} \\{\sim {= \begin{matrix}\frac{{s1.} - 173.01}{174.23 - 173.01} & {\left. \longrightarrow s_{1.} \right. = {173.99j/{mol}}}\end{matrix}}}\end{matrix}$P=2.0 MP_(a)

T 240 248 250 h 6,756.1 h_(2.0) 7,062.2 s 166.92 s_(2.0) 168.17

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{248 - 240}{250 - 240} = \begin{matrix}\frac{{h2.} - {6,756.1}}{{7,62.2} - {6,756.1}} & {\left. \longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {7,0.98j/{mol}}}\end{matrix}} \\{\sim {= \begin{matrix}\frac{{s2.} - 166.92}{168.17 - 166.92} & {\left. \longrightarrow s_{2.} \right. = {167.92j/{mol}}}\end{matrix}}}\end{matrix}$

p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 7,095.88 h_(5.0) 7,000.98 s 173.99 s₅ 167.92

$\frac{{1,496.1} - 1.}{2. - 0.1} = {\left. \frac{{h5} - {7,95.88}}{{7,0.98} - {7,95.88}}\longrightarrow h_{5} \right. = {7,91.172j/{mol}}}$$\sim {= {\left. \frac{{s5} - 173.99}{167.92 - 173.99}\longrightarrow{s}_{5} \right. = {173.689j/{mol}}}}$P₆=0.101325MP_(a) h₆=125.706k_(j)/k_(g)s₆=s₅=173.689 j/mol·K T₆=126.8 KS₆=s_(s)=s_(s)+x(s_(b)−s_(s))173,689=86.268+x(162,41−86,268)173,689−86.268=76.142xx=1.148 (at the superheated vapour region)

s 173.50 173.689 173.96 h 3,616.0 h₆ 3,675.1 T 126 T6 128

$\frac{173.689 - 173.5}{173.96 - 173.5} = {\left. \frac{{h6} - {3,616.}}{{3,6751} - {3,616.}}\longrightarrow h_{6} \right. = {3,640.28j/{mol}}}$$\sim {= {\left. \frac{{T6} - 126}{128 - 126}\longrightarrow T_{6} \right. = {126.8K}}}$P₇=0.101325 MPav₇=30.21455 mol/l→v₇=0.00114289 m³/k_(g)h₇=−3651.11 j/mol→h₇=−126.080 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)=v₇ (P₈−P₇)→−W_(Pa)=0.00114289 (1049.61−101.325)=1.084k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)=1.084 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)−h₈−h₇→1.084=h₈+126.080→h₈=−124.996 k_(j)/k_(g)P₉=1.04961 MP_(a) v₉=25.058 mol/l→v₉=0.00137809 m³/k_(g)h₉=−1,967.8 j/mol→h₉=−67,952 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pb)=v₉(P₁₀−P₉)→−W_(Pb)=0.00137809(2872.07−1,049.6)−W_(Pb)=2.511 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pb)=h₁₀−h₉→2.511=h₁₀+67.952→h₁₀=−65.411 k_(j)/k_(g)P₁₁=2.87207 MP_(a) v₁₁=19.278 mol/l→v₁₁=0.00179127 m³/k_(g)h₁₁=−475.47 j/mol→h₁₁=−16.419 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pc)=v₁₁(P₁₂−P₁₁)→−W_(Pc)=0.00179127(3722.84−2872.07)−W_(Pc)=1.524 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pc)=h₁₂−h₁₁→1.524=h₁₂+16.419→h₁₂=−14.899 k_(j)/k_(g)P₁₃=3.72284 MP_(a) v₁₃=14.198 mol/l→v₁₃=0.00243218 m³/k_(g)h₁₃=478.83 j/mol→h₁₃=16.535 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pd)=v₁₃(P₁₄−P₁₃)→−W_(Pd)=0.00243218(10,000−3,722.84)−W_(Pd)=15.267 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pd)=h₁₄−h₁₃→15.267=h₁₄−16.535→h₁₄=31.802 k_(j)/k_(g)Calculations regarding Enthalpy points, pump works and condensed masses;

 h₁ = 217.055 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₂ = 158.983 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₃ = 147.393k_(j)/k_(g)  h₄ = 112.559 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₅ = 244.873 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₆ =125.706 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₇ = 126.080 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₈ = −124.996 k_(j)/k_(g) h₉ = −67.952 k_(j)/k_(g) h₁₀ = −65.441 k_(j)/k_(g) h₁₁ = −16.419k_(j)/k_(g) h₁₂ = −14.895 k_(j)/k_(g) h₁₃ = 16.535 k_(j)/k_(g) h₁₄ =31.802 k_(j)/k_(g)m₁=0.180 k_(g), m₂=0.189 k_(g), m₃=0.152 k_(g), m=0.520 k_(g)−W_(Pa)=1.084 k_(j)/k_(g), W_(Pb)=2.511 k_(j)/k_(g), −W_(Pc)=1.524k_(j)/k_(g), −W_(Pd)=15.267 k_(j)/k_(g)m₁(h₂−h₁₃)=(1−m₁)(h₁₃−h₁₂)→m₁(158.983−16.353)=(1−m₁)(16.553+14.895)142.63m₁=31.43−31.43m₁→142.63m₁+31.43m₁=31.43m₁=0.180 k_(g)m₂(h₃−h₁₁)=(1−m₁−m₂)m²(147,393+16.419)=(1−0.180−m₂)(−16.419+65.441)163.812m₂=40.198−49.022m₂→m₂=0.189k_(g)m₃(h₄−h₉)=(1−m₁−m₂−m₃)(h₉−h₈)m₃(112.559+67.952)=(1−0.180−0.189−m₃)(−67.952+124.996)180.511m₃=35.995−57.044m₃180.511m₃+57.044m₄=35.995→m₃=0.151k_(g)m=m₁+m₂+m₃=0.180+0.188+0.0151=0.52k_(g)W=Specific job;W_(T)=h₁−h₂+(1−m₁)(h₂−h₃)+(1−m₁−m₂)(h₃−h₄)+(1−m)(h₅−h₆)W_(T)=217.055−158.983+(1−0.180)(158.983−147.393)+(1−0.180−0.189) . . .x(147.393−112.559)+(1−0.520)(244.873−125.706)=W_(T)=58.072+9.504+21.980+57.200=146.756W_(T)=146.756k_(j)/k_(g)W_(net)=W_(T)−(1−m)W_(Pa)−(1−m+m₃)W_(Pb)−(1−m+m₂+m₃)W_(Pc)−W_(Pd)W_(net)=146.756−(1−0.520)1.084−(1−0,520+0.152)2.511+(1−0.520+0.152+0.189). . . x 1.524−15.267W_(net)=146.756−0.520−1.758−1.251−15.267W_(net)=128.131 k_(j)/k_(g)Thermal Efficiency;q=h₁−h₁₄+(1−m)(h₅−h₄)q=217.055−31.802+(1−0.520)(244.873−112.559)q=185.253+63.511=248,764 k_(j)/k_(g), q=248.764 kj/kgη_(thermal)=W_(net)/q=128.131/248.764=%51.51,η_(thermal)=%51.51Capacity of 1 k_(g) fluid;k=W_(net)/(1−m)=128.131/(1−0.520)=266.939kj/kg, k=266.939kj/kgCapacity for M=400 kg reservoir;

${K = {\frac{kM}{3600} = {{\left( {(266.938)(400)} \right)/3600} = {29.66{kWh}}}}},{K = {29.66{kWh}}}$Irreversibility effect and Real Cycle;

In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary totake into account the required difference in order to overcomefrictional losses occurring at various points and heat losses and toprovide heat transfer in the heaters.

Due to isoentropical compression and expansion division processes thatare a crucial part of the compression process and the expansion processin a turbine, differences occur in thermodynamic features. It has beenaccepted that heat flow to the environment from the pump and the turbineis accepted to be zero. Said losses are as follows when pump and turbineindicated yields are taken into consideration;

Has been accepted as, η_(it)=0.90, η_(ip)=0.80

W_(it)=W_(T)·η_(it)=146.756×0.90=132.080k_(j)/k_(g),W_(it)=132.080k_(j)/k_(g)

−W_(ip)=W_(p)/η_(ip)=(W_(T)−W_(net))/η_(ip)=(146−756−128.131)/0.8

−W_(ip)=23.281 k_(j)/k_(g)

W_(net,i)=W_(it)−W_(ip)=132.080−23.281=108.799 k_(j)/k_(g)

W_(net,i)=108.799 k_(j)/k_(g)

$\begin{matrix}{\eta_{thermal} = \left. \frac{w_{it} - w_{ip}}{{h1} - {h14} + {\left( {1 - m} \right)\left( {{h5} - {h4}} \right)}}\longrightarrow h_{14} \right.} \\{= {h_{13} + \left( {\left( {h_{14} - h_{13}} \right)/\eta_{ip}} \right)}} \\{= {16.535 + {\left( \left( {31.802 - 16.535} \right) \right)/\left. (0.8)\longrightarrow h_{14} \right.}}} \\{= {35.619{kj}/{kg}}}\end{matrix}$η_(thermal)=(132.080−23.281)/((217.055−35.619)+(1−0.520)(244.873−112.559))η_(thermal)=%44.42Yield provided by 1 kg liquid air: k=W_(net)/1−m=108.799/1−0.52k=226.664k_(j)/k_(g)Capacity of M=400 kg reservoirK=k·M/3600=((226.664×400))/3600→K=25.185 kWhThermodynamic calculations relating to the Invention;Thermodynamic features of air in the atmosphere: air=+35° C., m=28.9586g/mol

P (MPa) 0.09129(MP_(a)) 0.101325(MP_(a)) 0.10245(MP_(a)) h (j/mol)−3702.1/2198.3 h_(s)/h_(b) −3,645.9/2221.2 s (j/mol · K)  85.624/163.09s_(s)/s_(b)  86.334/162.34 v (mol/dm³) 30.357 v_(s) 30.200 T (K) 78 T78.91

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{0.101325 - 0.09129}{0.10245 - 0.09139} = \left. \frac{{hs} + {3,702.1}}{{{- 3},645.9} + {3,702.1}}\longrightarrow h_{s} \right.} \\{= {{- 3651.11}j/{mol}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{{Ss} - 85.624}{86.334 - 85.624}\longrightarrow s_{s} \right. = {86.268j/{{mol} \cdot K}}}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{{Vs} - 30.357}{30.2 - 30.357}\longrightarrow v_{s} \right. = {30.21455{mol}/l}}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{T - 78}{79 - 78}\longrightarrow T \right. = {78.91K}}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{{hb} - 2198.3}{2221.2 - 2198.3}\longrightarrow h_{b} \right. = {2,219.1j/{mol}}}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{{Sb} - 163.09}{162.34 - 163.09}\longrightarrow s_{b} \right. = {162.41j/{mol}}}}}\end{matrix}$P₁=10.0 MP_(a), h₁=289.446 k_(j)/k_(g)T₁=308K, s₁=159.752j/mol·K

T 300 308 310 h 8,114.2 h₁ 8,448.9 s 158.88 s₁ 159.9

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{308 - 300}{310 - 300} = {\left. \frac{{h1} - {8,114.2}}{{8,448.9} - {8,114.2}}\longrightarrow h_{1} \right. = {8,381.96j/{mol}}}} \\{\sim {= {\left. \frac{{S1} - 158.88}{159.97 - 158.88}\longrightarrow s_{1} \right. = {159.752j/{{mol} \cdot K}}}}}\end{matrix}$P₂=3.72284MP_(a), h₂=211.815k_(j)/k_(g)S₁=S₂=159.752 j/mol·KP=2.0 MP_(a)

s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5,187.6 h_(2.0) 5,348.6

$\frac{159.752 - 159.58}{160.42 - 159.58} = {\left. \frac{{{h2}\text{.0}} - {5,187.6}}{{5,348.6} - {5,187.6}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {5,220.57j/{mol}}}$

s 159.66 159.752 160.94 h 6,787.4 h_(5.0) 7,114.6

$\frac{159.752 - 159.66}{160.94 - 159.66} = {\left. \frac{{{h5}\text{.0}} - {6,787.4}}{{7,114.6} - {6,787.4}}\longrightarrow h_{5.} \right. = {6,810.92j/{mol}}}$

P 2.0 3.72289 5.0 H 5,220.57 h₂ 6,810.92

$\frac{3.72284 - 2.}{5. - 2.} = {\left. \frac{{h2} - {5,220.57}}{{6,810.92} - {5,220.57}}\longrightarrow h_{2} \right. = {6,133.876j/{mol}}}$P₃=2,87207 MP_(a), h₃=196.241 k_(j)/k_(g)s₃=s₁=159.752j/mol·KP=2 MPa

s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5487.6 h_(2.0) 5,348.6

$\frac{159.752 - 159.58}{160.42 - 159.58} = {\left. \frac{{{h2}\text{.0}} - {5,187.6}}{{5,348.6} - {5,187.6}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {5,220.57j/{mol}}}$P=5.0 MP_(a)

s 159.66 159.752 160.94 h 6,787.4 h_(5.0) 7,114.6

$\frac{159.752 - 159.66}{160.94 - 159.66} = {\left. \frac{{{h5}\text{.0}} - {6,787.4}}{{7,114.6} - {6,787.4}}\longrightarrow h_{5.} \right. = {6,810.92j/{mol}}}$

p 2.0 2.87207 5.0 h 5,220.57 h₃ 6,810.92

$\frac{2.87207 - 2.}{5. - 2.} = {\left. \frac{{h3} - {5,220.57}}{{6,810.92} - {5,220.57}}\longrightarrow h_{3} \right. = {5,682.87j/{mol}}}$P₄=1.04961 MP_(a) h₄=149.421 k_(j)/h_(g)s₄=s₁=159.752 j/mol·K

s 159.62 159.752 160.63 h 4,259.6 h_(1.0) 4,418.16

$\frac{159.752 - 159.62}{160.63 - 159.62} = {\left. \frac{{{h1}\text{.0}} - {4,259.6}}{{4,418.16} - {4,259.6}}\longrightarrow h_{1.} \right. = {4,280.38j/{mol}}}$P=2.0 MP_(a)

s 159.58 159.752 160.42 h 5,187.6 h_(2.0) 5,348.6

$\frac{159.752 - 159.58}{160.42 - 159.58} = {\left. \frac{{{h2}\text{.0}} - {5,187.6}}{{5,348.6} - {5,187.6}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right. = {5,220.57j/{mol}}}$

p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 4,280.38 h₄ 5,220.57

$\frac{1.04961 - 1.}{2. - 1.} = {\left. \frac{{h4} - {4,280.38}}{{5,220.57} - {4,280.38}}\longrightarrow h_{4} \right. = {4,327.02j/{mol}}}$P₅=1,04961 MP_(a) h₅=306.352 k_(j)/k_(g)T₅=308 K s₅=180.121 j/mol·K

T 300 308 310 h 8,638.1 h_(1.0) 8,933.6 s 179.64 s_(1.0) 180.61

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{308 - 300}{310 - 300} = \left. \frac{{{h1}\text{.0}} - {8,638.1}}{{8,933.6} - {8,638.1}}\longrightarrow h_{1.} \right.} \\{= {8,874.5j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{{s1}\text{.0}} - 179.64}{180.61 - 179.64}\longrightarrow s_{1.} \right.}} \\{= {180.416j/{{mol}.K}}}\end{matrix}$P=2.0 MP_(a)

T 300 308 310 h 8,574.3 h_(2.0) 8,874.3 s 173.68 s_(2.0) 174.67

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{308 - 300}{310 - 300} = \left. \frac{{h2.} - {8,574.3}}{{8,874.3} - {8,574.3}}\longrightarrow h_{2.} \right.} \\{= {8,814.3j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{{s2}\text{.0}} - 173.68}{174.7 - 173.68}\longrightarrow s_{2.} \right.}} \\{= {174.472j/{{mol}.K}}}\end{matrix}$

p 1.0 1.04961 2.0 h 8,874.5 h₅ 8,814.3 s 180.416 s₅ 174.472

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{1.04961 - 1.}{2. - 1.} = \left. \frac{{h5} - {8,874.5}}{{8,814.3} - {8,874.5}}\longrightarrow h_{5} \right.} \\{= {8,871.51j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{s5} - 180.416}{174.472 - 180.416}\longrightarrow s_{5} \right.}} \\{= {180.121j/{{mol}.K}}}\end{matrix}$P₆=0.101325 MP_(a) h₆=157.217 k_(j)/k_(g)s₆=s₅=180.120 j/mol·K T₆=157.88 Ks₆=s₅+x(s_(b)−s_(s))180,121=86.268+x(162,41−86,268)180,121−86.268=76.142xx=1.232 (at the superheated vapour region)

s 179.59 180.121 180.51 h 4,468.3 h₆ 4,614.7 T 155 T₆ 160

$\begin{matrix}{\frac{180.121 - 179.59}{180.51 - 179.59} = \left. \frac{{h6} - {4,468.3}}{{4,614.7} - {4,468.3}}\longrightarrow h_{6} \right.} \\{= {4,552.798j/{mol}}} \\{\sim{= \left. \frac{{T6} - 155}{160 - 155}\longrightarrow T_{6} \right.}} \\{= {157.88K}}\end{matrix}$P₇=0.101325 MPav₇=30.21455 mol/l→v₇=0.00114289 m³/k_(g)h₇=−3651.11 j/mol→h₇=−126.080 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)=v₇(P₈−P₇)→−W_(Pa)=0.00114289 (1049.61−101.325)=1.084 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)=1.084 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pa)=h₈−h₇→1.084=h₈+126.080Θh₈=−124.996 k_(j)/k_(g)P₉=1.04961 MP_(a) v₉=25.058 mol/l→v₉=0.00137809 m³/k_(g)h₉=−1,967.8j/mol→h₉=−67,952 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pb)=v₉(P₁₀−P₉)→−W_(Pb)=0.001378085 (2872.07−1,049.61)−W_(Pb)=2.511 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pv)=h₁₀−h₉→2.511=h₁₀+67.952→h₁₀=−65.411 k_(j)/k_(g)P₁₁=2.87207 MP_(a) v₁₁=19.278 mol/l→v₁₁=0.00179127 m³/k_(g)h₁₁=−475.47 j/mol→h₁₁=−16.419 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pc)=v₁₁(P₁₂−P₁₁)→−W_(Pc)=0.00179127(3722.84−2872.07)−W_(Pc)=1.524 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pc)=h₁₂−h₁₁→1.524=h₁₂+16.419→h₁₂=−14.899 k_(j)/k_(g)P₁₃=3.72284 MP_(a) v₁₃=14.198 mol/l→v₁₃=0.00243218 m³/k_(g)h₁₃=478.83 j/mol→h₁₃=16.535 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pd)=v₁₃(P₁₄−P₁₃)→−W_(Pd)=0.00243218(10,000−3,722.84)−W_(Pd)=15.267 k_(j)/k_(g)−W_(Pd)=h₁₄−h₁₃→15.267=h₁₄−16.535→h₁₄=31.802 k_(j)/k_(g)Calculations regarding Enthalpy points, pump works and condensed masses;

 h₁ = 289.446 k_(j)/k_(g)    h₂ = 211.815 k_(j)/k_(g)    h₃ = 196.24k_(j)/k_(g)     h₄ = 149.421 k_(j)/k_(g)    h₅ = 306.352 k_(j)/k_(g)   h₆ = 157.217 k_(j)/k_(g)    h₇ = −126.080 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₈ = −124.996k_(j)/k_(g)  h₉ = −67.952 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₁₀ = −65.441 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₁₁ =−16.419 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₁₂ = −14.895 k_(j)/k_(g)  h₁₃ = 16.535k_(j)/k_(g)    h₁₄ = 31.802 k_(j)/k_(g)   m_(1=0.139) k_(g), m₂=0.161 k_(g), m₃=0.145 k_(g), m=0,445 k_(g)−W_(Pa)=1.084 k_(j)/k_(g), −W_(Pb)=2.511 k_(j)/k_(g), −W_(Pc)=1.524k_(j)/k_(g), −W_(Pd)=15.267 k_(j)/k_(g)m₁(h₂−h₁₃)=(1-m₁)(h₁₃−h₁₂)→m₁(211.815−16.353)=(1−m₁)(16.553+14.895)195.28m₁=31.43−31.43m₁→195.28m₁+31.43m₁=31.43m₁=0.139 k_(g)m₂(h₃−h₁)=(1−m₁−m₂)(h₁₁−h₁₀)m₂(196,24+16.419)=(1−0.39−m₂)(−16.419+65.441)212.66m₂+49.022m₂=42.208→m₂=0.161 k_(g)m₃(h₄−h₉)=(1−m₁−m₂−m₃)(h₉−h₈)m₃(149.421+67.952)=(1−0.139−0.161−m₃)(−67.952+124.996)217.373m₃=39.931−57.044m3217.373m₃+57.044m₁=39.931→m3=0.145 k_(g)m=m₁+m₂+m₃=0.139+0.161+0.0145=0.445 k_(g)W_(T)=h₁-h₂+(1−m₁)(h₂−h₃)+(1−m₁−m₂)(h₃−h₄)+(1−m)(h₅−h₆)W_(T)=289.446−211.815+(1−0.139)(211.815−196.24)+(1−0.139−0.161) . . .=(196.24−149.421)+(1−0.446)(306.352−157.217=W_(T)=77.631+13.410+32.773+82.770=206.584W_(T)=206.584 k_(j)/k_(g)W_(net)=W_(T)−(1−m)W_(Pa)−(1−m+m₃)W_(Pb)−(1−m+m₂+m₃)W_(Pc)−W_(Pd)W_(net)=206.584−(1−0.445)1.084−(1−0,445+0.145)2.511−(1−0.445+0.161+0.145). . . ×1.524−15.267W_(net)=206.584−0.602−1.758−1.312−15.267W_(net)=187.645 k_(j)/k_(g)Thermal Efficiency;q=h₁−h₁₄+(1−m)(h₅−h₄)q=289.446−31.802+(1−0.445)(306.352−149.421)q=257.644+87.097=344,741 k_(j)/k_(g), q=344.741 kj/kgη_(thermal)=W_(net)/q=187.645/344.741=%54.43,η_(thermal)=%54.43Capacity of 1 k_(g) fluid;k=W_(net)/(1−m)=187.645/(1−0.445)=338.099 kj/kg, k=338.099 kj/kgCapacity for M=400 kg reservoir;

${K = {\frac{k \cdot M}{3600} = {{\left( {(338.099)(400)} \right)/3600} = {37.57{kWh}}}}},{K = {37.57{kWh}}}$Irreversibility effect and Real Cycle;

In order to obtain the real cycle of steam engines, it is necessary totake into account the required difference in order to overcomefrictional losses occurring in various amounts and heat losses and toprovide heat transfer in the heaters.

Due to isoentropical compression and expansion division processes thatare a crucial part of the compression process and the expansion processin a turbine, differences occur in thermodynamic features. It has beenaccepted that heat flow to the environment from the pump and the turbineis accepted to be zero. Said losses are as follows when pump and turbineindicated yields are taken into consideration;

Has been accepted as, η_(it)=0.90, η_(ip)=0.80.

W_(it)=W_(T),η_(it)=206.584.090=185.926 k_(j)/k_(g), W_(net)=185.926k_(j)/k_(g)

−W_(ip)=W_(p)/η_(ip)=(W_(T)−W_(net))/η_(ip)=(206−584−187.645)/0.8

−W_(ip)=23.674 k_(j)/k_(g)

W_(net,i)=W_(it)−W_(ip)=185.926−23.674=162.252 k_(j)/k_(g)

W_(net,i)=162.252 k_(j)/k_(g)

${\eta}_{i,{thermal}} = {\left. \frac{{Wit} - {Wip}}{{h1} - {h14} + {\left( {1 - m} \right)\left( {{h5} - {h4}} \right)}}\longrightarrow h_{14} \right. = {{h_{13} + \left( {\left( {h_{14}‐h_{13}} \right)/\eta ip} \right)} = {{16.535 + {\left( \left( {31.802‐16.535} \right) \right)/\left. (0.8)\longrightarrow h_{14} \right.}} = {35.619kj/kg}}}}$η_(i, net) = (185.962‐23.674)/((289.446‐35.619) + (1‐0.52)(306.352‐149.421))η_(i, net) = %49.42

Yield provided by 1 kg liquid air: k=W_(net)/1−m=162.252/1−0.445

k=292.346 k_(j)/k_(g)

Capacity of M=400 kg reservoir

What is claimed is:
 1. A power generating machine system, comprising: a first heater located in the system, a second heater connected to the first heater, a third heater connected to the second heater, a fourth heater connected to the third heater, a first turbine directly connected to the first heater, the second heater, the third heater, and the fourth heater, a second turbine directly connected to the fourth heater, a reservoir, a first pump located between the first heater and the reservoir, and the first pump is configured to draw liquid nitrogen or liquid air in the reservoir at atmospheric pressure, pump up a pressure of the liquid obtained from the reservoir, and spray liquid steam onto the first heater, a second pump located between the first heater and the second heater, a third pump located between the second heater and the third heater, and a fourth pump located between the third heater and the fourth heater.
 2. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir is connected to the first heater.
 3. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a valve located between the first heater and the second heater, between the second heater and the third heater and between the third heater and the fourth heater.
 4. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a first turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the first heater.
 5. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a second turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.
 6. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising a third turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.
 7. The power generating machine system according to claim 1, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.
 8. The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a valve located between the first heater and the second heater, between the second heater and the third heater and between the third heater and the fourth heater.
 9. The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a first turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the first heater.
 10. The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a first turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the first heater.
 11. The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a second turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.
 12. The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a second turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.
 13. The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising a second turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the second heater.
 14. The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising a third turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.
 15. The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising a third turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.
 16. The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising a third turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.
 17. The power generating machine system according to claim 5, comprising a third turbine opening of the first turbine enabling a connection between the first turbine and the third heater.
 18. The power generating machine system according to claim 2, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.
 19. The power generating machine system according to claim 3, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine.
 20. The power generating machine system according to claim 4, comprising an exhaust opening located on the second turbine. 